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Harry Potter 4 in General
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How many types of Japanese poetry are there?

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George Bush is a Nazi - Eric Cartmen

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A New Message Board in General
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EDIT: Fixed Problem ignore post.

[ Saturday, December 31, 2005 12:47: Message edited by: Shuan Wuan ]

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They Do Exist in General
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Mars only gets all this attention for being the closest planet to us and having a chance to support life (not necessarily human).

On a completely different subject has anyone else been receiving an error 500 on port 80 due to server failure message when trying to come to the forums today?

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Along with the biochemical basis of extraterrestrial life, there remains a broader consideration of evolution and morphology. What might an alien look like? Science fiction has long shown a bias towards humanoid or (often in the case of villains) reptilian forms. The classical alien is light green or grey skinned, with an enormous head, small body, and the typical four limb and two to five digit structure—i.e., it is fundamentally humanoid with a large brain to indicate great intelligence. Other subjects from our animal mythos (felines, insects) have also featured strongly in fictional representations of aliens. While such bias is predictable, it is also curiously unimaginative and almost certain to be proven wrong should human beings encounter extraterrestrials.

In considering the subject more seriously, a useful division has been suggested between universal and parochial characteristics. Universals are features which have evolved independently more than once on Earth (and thus presumably are not difficult to develop) and are so intrinsically useful that species will inevitably tend towards them. These include flight, sight, photosynthesis and limbs, all of which have evolved several times here on Earth with differing materialization. There are a huge variety of eyes, for example, many of which have radically different working schematics as well as different visual foci: the visual spectrum, infrared, polarity and echolocation. Parochials, by contrast, are essentially arbitrary evolutionary forms which often serve little utility (or at least have a function which can be equally served by dissimilar morphology) and probably will not be replicated. Parochials include the five digits of mammals, the genitalia and sexual mechanics of animals, as well as the curious and often fatal conjunction of the feeding and breathing passages found within many animals.

A consideration of which features are ultimately parochial challenges many taken for granted notions about morphological necessity. Skeletons, in some form, are likely to be replicated elsewhere, yet the vertebrate spine—while a profound development on Earth—is just as likely to be unique. Similarly, it is reasonable to expect some type of egg laying amongst off-Earth creatures but the mammary glands which set apart mammals may be a singular case.

The assumption of radical diversity amongst putative extraterrestrials is by no means settled. While many exobiologists do stress that the enormously heterogeneous nature of Earth life foregrounds even greater variety in space, others point out that convergent evolution dictates substantial similarities between Earth and off-Earth life. These two schools of thought are called "divergionism" and "convergionism", respectively [1].

Belief in extraterrestrial life may have been present in ancient Egypt, Babylon, and Sumer, although in these societies, cosmology was fundamentally supernatural and the notion of aliens is difficult to distinguish from that of gods, demons, and such. The first important Western thinkers to argue systematically for a universe full of other planets and, therefore, possible extraterrestrial life were the ancient Greek writers Thales and his student Anaximander in the 7th and 6th centuries B.C.E. The atomists of Greece took up the idea, arguing that an infinite universe ought to have an infinity of populated worlds. Ancient Greek cosmology worked against the idea of extraterrestrial life in one critical respect, however: the geocentric universe, championed by Aristotle and codified by Ptolemy, privileged the Earth and Earth-life (Aristotle denied there could be a plurality of worlds) and seemingly rendered extraterrestrial life impossible.


Giordano Bruno, De l'Infinito, Univirso e Mondi, 1584Ancient Jewish sources also considered extraterrestrial life. The Talmud suggests that there are at least 18,000 other worlds, but provides little elaboration. The book Sefer Habrit (Book of the Covenant) writes that extraterrestrial creatures exist but that they have no free will (and are thus equivalent to animal life). It adds that human beings should not expect creatures from another world to resemble earthly life, any more than sea creatures resemble land animals. [2] [3]

When Christianity spread through the West the Ptolemaic system became dogma and although the Church never issued any formal pronouncement on the question of alien life [4], at least tacitly the idea was heretical. In 1277 the Bishop of Paris, Etienne Tempier did overturn Aristotle on one point: God could have created more than one world (given His omnipotence) yet we know by revelation he only made one. To take a further step and argue that aliens actually existed remained dangerous. The best known early-modern proponent of extra-solar planets and widespread life off Earth was Giordano Bruno, who was burned at the stake for this and other unorthodox ideas in 1600.

The Church, however, could not contain the storm that accompanied the invention of the telescope and the Copernican assault on geocentric cosmology. Once it became clear that the Earth was merely one planet amongst countless bodies in the universe the extraterrestrial idea moved towards the scientific mainstream. In the early 17th century the Czech astronomer Anton Maria Schyrleus of Rheita mused that "if Jupiter has…inhabitants…they must be larger and more beautiful than the inhabitants of the Earth, in proportion to the [size] of the two spheres;" he did not dare to confirm the existence of Jovian beings due to potential theological difficulties. Later, this bold step would be taken. William Herschel, the discoverer of Uranus, was one of many 18th-19th century astronomers convinced that our Solar System, and perhaps others, would be well populated by alien life. Other luminaries of the period who championed "cosmic pluralism" included Immanuel Kant and Benjamin Franklin. At the height of the Enlightenment even the Sun and Moon were considered candidates for hosting aliens. The Christian attitude towards extraterrestrials turned from denial to ambivalence. Theological criticisms had been partially stalemated by a critical counter-argument that had remained in the background since the pronouncements of 1277: God's omnipotence not only allowed for other worlds and other life, on some level it necessitated them.

This enthusiasm towards the possibility of alien life continued well into the 20th century. Indeed, the roughly three centuries from the Scientific Revolution through the beginning of the modern era of solar system probes were essentially the highpoint for belief in extraterrestrials in the West: many astronomers and other secular thinkers, at least some religious thinkers, and much of the general public were largely satisfied that aliens were a reality. This trend was finally tempered as actual probes visited potential alien abodes in the solar system. The moon was decisively ruled out as a possibility, while Venus and Mars—long the two main candidates for extraterrestrials—showed no obvious evidence of current life. The other large moons of our system which have been visited appear similarly lifeless, though interesting geothermic forces observed (Io's volcanism, Europa's ocean, Titan's thick atmosphere) has underscored how broad the range of potentially habitable environments may be. Finally, the failure of NASA's SETI program to detect anything resembling an intelligent radio signal after four decades of effort has partially dimmed the optimism that prevailed at the beginning of the space age and emboldened critics who view the search for extraterrestrials as unscientific. [5]

Thus, the three decades preceding the turn of the second millenium saw a crossroads reached in beliefs in alien life. The prospect of ubiquitous, intelligent, space-faring civilizations in our solar system appears increasingly dubious to many scientists ("All we know for sure is that the sky is not littered with powerful microwave transmitters" in the words of SETI's Frank Drake). At the same time, the data returned by space probes and giant strides in detection methods have allowed science to begin delineating habitability criteria on other worlds and to confirm that, at least, other planets are plentiful though aliens remain a question mark.

Amongst the general public belief and interest in extraterrestrials remains high and skepticism towards galaxy-exploring alien civilizations is not shared by many individuals. At present, some enthusiasts in the topic believe that extraterrestrial beings regularly visit or have visited the Earth. Some think that unidentified flying objects observed in the skies are in fact sightings of the spacecraft of intelligent extraterrestrials, and even claim to have met such beings. Crop circle patterns have also been attributed to the actions of extraterrestrials, although many were later found to be hoaxes. While at least one recent scientific paper published in a respected, peer-reviewed journal has urged a re-evaluation of the UFO phenomenon (Deardorff et al., 2005) [6], as of this time mainstream scientific opinion holds that such claims are unsupportable by the evidence currently available and unlikely to be true.

The possible existence of primitive (microbial) life outside of Earth is much less controversial to mainstream scientists although at present no direct evidence of such life has been found. Indirect evidence has been offered for the current existence of primitive life on the planet Mars; however, the conclusions that should be drawn from such evidence remain in debate

-From Wikipedia

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George Bush is a Nazi - Eric Cartmen

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i need some more help. in The Exile Trilogy
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Green kid instead of double posting, use the "edit" button instead.

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George Bush is a Nazi - Eric Cartmen

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Game Life in General
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Ah come on Homeland isn't that bad. It held my interest for a WHOLE 30 minutes.

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George Bush is a Nazi - Eric Cartmen

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Its Almost Christmas in General
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So is everyone looking forward to Christmas(for those who celebrate it)

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George Bush is a Nazi - Eric Cartmen

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Slightly Belated Celebratory Topic in General
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Congrats Thuryl. I still remember you celebrating your 5000th post.

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George Bush is a Nazi - Eric Cartmen

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Like Anyone Cares... in Richard White Games
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See ya on January 5 with coincidently is my birthday.

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George Bush is a Nazi - Eric Cartmen

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Game Life in General
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Welcome Ragnarok

I would be a Crusader for the Empire in any Exile/Avernum game go out and be part of the units on the front lines.

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George Bush is a Nazi - Eric Cartmen

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What would you do with a billion dollars? in General
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Fast cars while nice tend to kill people.

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George Bush is a Nazi - Eric Cartmen

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E2: Amber Periapt in The Exile Trilogy
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Because you are allowed 2 rings to be equipped at the same time.

[ Tuesday, December 20, 2005 18:14: Message edited by: The Forgotten ]

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George Bush is a Nazi - Eric Cartmen

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E2: Amber Periapt in The Exile Trilogy
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On the subject of resistances, do 2 items equipped that both give fire resistance make you immune to fire or a higher resistance then just having one equipped.

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George Bush is a Nazi - Eric Cartmen

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Runescape anyone? in General
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Right now Runescape seems to be having lots of problems.Last i checked about 25 servers were down.

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George Bush is a Nazi - Eric Cartmen

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Bow Before Me as if I Were Your God in General
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I know that spring. It just seemed to take forever to get here ,so I couldn't help it.

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George Bush is a Nazi - Eric Cartmen

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Bow Before Me as if I Were Your God in General
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Asking for a special title shall not work.You have to do something really good ,and then pretend you dont want one.

Oh and lots of posts help too.That way spidweb members get to know you.

woot 5 more posts until i become a adept

[ Monday, December 19, 2005 12:40: Message edited by: The Forgotten ]

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George Bush is a Nazi - Eric Cartmen

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E3: certain places in The Exile Trilogy
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Why join the Anama in the first place. Are you going to take losing kill ,major summoning,arrows of death just for diving thud and avatar

[ Monday, December 19, 2005 15:28: Message edited by: The Forgotten ]

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George Bush is a Nazi - Eric Cartmen

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What's wrong with RW games? in Richard White Games
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ive nvr seen people insulting RW games cept some cult that one of the members of spid web made

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George Bush is a Nazi - Eric Cartmen

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What would you do with a billion dollars? in General
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Just spend money on a subliminal mind control device ,and have everyone do your bidding.

Much easier then having a a uprising then crushing everything.

[ Monday, December 19, 2005 12:43: Message edited by: The Forgotten ]

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George Bush is a Nazi - Eric Cartmen

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What game should I begin with? in General
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quote:
In terms of gameplay, it is a little hard to go backwards. GF3 apparently had a number of improvements that you will feel yourself missing if you play GF1 right afterwards.

hey i played gf3 first then gf1 and gf2 and i preferred the older 2

[ Monday, December 19, 2005 12:23: Message edited by: The Forgotten ]

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George Bush is a Nazi - Eric Cartmen

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Blades won't open in Blades of Exile
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how is the middle of winter the time for garage sales anyway?

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George Bush is a Nazi - Eric Cartmen

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A New Message Board in General
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That it doesnt put any spyware on your computer. Which from my experiences from going to CSM it doesn't.

Ok I fixed my post.

[ Monday, December 19, 2005 12:33: Message edited by: The Forgotten ]

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George Bush is a Nazi - Eric Cartmen

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the crimsonroom in General
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ok ben open and close the yellow curtain abunch of times and you will find a ring and on the yellow bowl on the desk there is another ring put the rings on the red box and you need the metal stick thats on the bed lift the pillow and click in its shadow by the yellow headboard,for the cd player you need the power cable under the desk ,

[ Sunday, December 18, 2005 17:17: Message edited by: The Forgotten ]

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George Bush is a Nazi - Eric Cartmen

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Blades won't open in Blades of Exile
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are you running exile in a compatibility mode?

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George Bush is a Nazi - Eric Cartmen

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the crimsonroom in General
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ok what do you do with that red projector. I know that when you get the battery , the metal stick , the 2 rings it opens ,then you insert the battery and cassete it plays something whats that supposed to symbolize

[ Sunday, December 18, 2005 16:13: Message edited by: The Forgotten ]

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George Bush is a Nazi - Eric Cartmen

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