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The Universe in General
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Member # 869
Profile Homepage #124
quote:
Originally written by Student of Trinity:

Also, it might be a pain putting this kind of heat engine into a vehicle, because it has to be pretty darn massive. You might use it to generate the power needed to produce antimatter, then run your starships on matter-antimatter batteries.
You could tell I was looking for this information for an SF story, huh? :P

But yeah, I was definitely thinking of it as a power plant rather than an engine. (Transporting a Hawking furnace through interstellar space would be a huge effort anyway, since you need to take all its food with you.)

quote:
Now I'm really wondering whether anyone has published a paper on the engineering issues in making and operating a Hawking furnace. I believe I just invented that name for this device, but it's an obvious enough concept that I'd be surprised if no-one had written it up.
Seems as if you did indeed invent the term, since Google gives no results for it. I did a search cross-referencing "energy extraction" and "black hole", but all the links I can find seem to talk about extracting energy from its rotation, not from the Hawking radiation.

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The Universe in General
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quote:
What is the difference between the event horizon and the gravity well? What does "gravity well" mean?
An event horizon is a discontinuity in the observable universe; nothing on the other side of an event horizon from us can be observed, because no information can get from there to here.

A gravity well is simply the term for the distortion in spacetime caused by a gravitational field. Any object with mass has one. Things will still accelerate toward a black hole because of its gravity, even if they're outside its event horizon. (I must admit, though, I haven't actually done the number-crunching on what sort of conditions are required to make the gravitational pull of a microscopic black hole stronger than the electromagnetic forces holding matter together. Since a microscopic black hole can actually be much smaller than a single atom, this is a significant issue when trying to feed it.)

quote:
A black hole behaves as a black body because not even light can escape it, despite its absolute speed.
It's true that a black hole fits the usual definition of a black body (a completely non-reflective object), but since the way it radiates energy isn't quite normal, I thought it might not behave as a normal black body. Apparently it does, though.

[ Monday, April 11, 2005 03:02: Message edited by: Thuryl ]

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The Universe in General
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quote:
Originally written by Bad-Ass Mother Custer:

Here is the scoop on power that seems too good to be true: it is. While it would certainly be spectacular (if more or less pointless) to create a black hole artificially, there would be no way to exploit it to create more power than had been invested into the black hole itself.
So you chuck inert matter into it. The energy you get out of it comes from the mass-energy of the matter you put in. Sure, eventually you run out of matter that isn't useful for any other purpose, but at the moment there's no shortage of matter in the universe.

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The Universe in General
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Thanks for the answer. A lot of what you say I'd assumed would be the case; as you say, setting up a moderately stable black hole is the tricky part, and after that it's just a matter of keeping it fed.

quote:
Originally written by Student of Trinity:

One really good thing to shovel into it would be a high net electric charge, so that you could manipulate the thing with electromagnetic fields. Hold it from falling through the floor with a nice E-field, though, and you could sit back and toast your tootsies.
How well would this work in practice? Intuitively, it seems to me that a black hole with a particular charge would be more likely to emit particles of its own charge than of the opposite charge, and therefore you'd have to feed it a constant stream of charged particles to keep it charged. Admittedly you'd only need to give it a relatively small electric charge in order to manipulate it in useful ways, but it still introduces inefficiencies.

quote:
Well, kind of. The temperature of a Hawking radiator is inversely proportional to its Schwarzchild radius, so a tiny black hole would be really hot. Depending on how tiny you made it, you might be dealing with gamma rays here too, in which case you might want to keep your shoes on.
Does a radiating black hole actually behave as a black body? The explanation of Hawking radiation in A Brief History of Time seems to imply that the energy of the particles emitted by a black hole isn't dependent on the hole's size, only the rate of emission is (and the rate is dependent on the hole's surface-area-to-volume ratio).

EDIT: Wikipedia says a black hole does indeed behave as a black body. Admittedly it's not a scientific source but I'm inclined to trust it.

Hmm. It also brings a bit of bad news; to make a black hole that lasts even one second, you need to start with over 200 metric tons of matter. That's an awful lot of mass to put in the same place at the same time. Maybe if we collided a few asteroids together at relativistic speeds we might be able to get something going, but that might not be any easier than Hawking's hydrogen-bomb idea.

[ Sunday, April 10, 2005 20:54: Message edited by: Thuryl ]

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SOS kelandon BAHSSIKAVA emergency! in Blades of Avernum
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I cannot help but appreciate the irony of Kelandon's HLPM being used to break his own scenarios.

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The Empire Always Loses: This Time For Sure!
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rom in Geneforge Series
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There's no such thing as a "ROM of the Mac OS"; an operating system is software, while ROM is firmware. What he wants is a ROM of an Apple Macintosh computer. Without knowing exactly which computers his particular emulator supports, I can't help (and besides, downloading one would likely be copyright infringement, which these boards don't approve of.)

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Posts: 9973 | Registered: Saturday, March 30 2002 08:00
The Universe in General
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quote:
If you would reduce all mass of the earth to a black hole, it would absorb all matter within a range of a few millimeters. Thus, the microscopic black hole wouldn't be very dangerous, but surely hard, if not impossible, to control.
A microscopic black hole would be dangerous despite its small size, because even if the actual event horizon is tiny, the gravity well around it would draw in surrounding matter at a great rate. A collision with Earth's surface would therefore be disastrous.

[ Sunday, April 10, 2005 12:53: Message edited by: Thuryl ]

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Can't start Blades of Avernum in Tech Support
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Don't try to diagnose. Why do you think a scenario caused your problem? It seems unlikely that downloading a scenario would cause a failure such as you describe, unless you put the scenario in the wrong place and overwrote some of the BoA default files.

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Posts: 9973 | Registered: Saturday, March 30 2002 08:00
Do you think there is a Hell? in General
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EDIT: No. There is no post here.

[ Saturday, April 09, 2005 22:18: Message edited by: Thuryl ]

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So what's it mean for something to be non-physical? If it follows predictable laws, it's not qualitatively different from any aggregation of particles. If it's not, then we have a disaster as previously described.

EDIT: I've been asked politely to stay out of this topic, so this'll be my last reply for a while.

[ Saturday, April 09, 2005 21:13: Message edited by: Thuryl ]

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Hint for Backwater Calls in Blades of Avernum
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Death.

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Posts: 9973 | Registered: Saturday, March 30 2002 08:00
Do you think there is a Hell? in General
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Unfortunately we still haven't done a great job of defining the boundaries of what's "natural" or "physical". Defining some kinds of experience as being experiences of "physical" things and others as "non-physical" seems somewhat arbitrary to me. Is a gust of wind a physical object? What about the red dot that appears on a wall when you point a laser pointer at it? (The latter is a particular problem because it's actually composed of a completely different set of photons from one moment to the next.)

[ Saturday, April 09, 2005 21:05: Message edited by: Thuryl ]

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quote:
I'll leave the first point aside. I think it's more or less irrelevant. For example, it would be hopeless attempting to prove that every prayer has the same value. :P
I wasn't really expecting you to try to address the issue; that there are far too many confounding variables to create a reliable test was exactly my point.

quote:
You make a good point about information. My definiton was obviously incomplete. But ultimately, it's still just about labels, and I think you know what I meant. (and no, I'm not a pantheist by any stretch :P )
I don't know what you mean, and I'm not convinced that you're 100% sure of what you mean either. To you, what fundamental distinction exists between the natural and the supernatural? What kinds of things can appropriately be categorised into natural and supernatural: objects and events? Anything else? Is the distinction between a natural and supernatural object different from the distinction between a natural and supernatural event?

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quote:
Eh?
If that's in relation to the intercessory-prayer thing, what I'm asking is, if both the prayed-for group and the non-prayed-for group are already getting the benefit of millions of general prayers for the sick that people all around the world are making every day, how are a few dozen extra prayers going to make a noticeable difference?

quote:
And what's pantheism again?
Equating God with the universe, or with an impersonal universal organising principle.

quote:
I define 'supernatural' as being outside the physical world. But as I said, it's just a case of labels. If you have a different word to mean that, use it.
Well, then you have to define "physical", and we could be at that all day. The text of a book or a program stored on a computer has a particular physical form, but its meaning is independent of that specific physical structure. Does that make information supernatural?

[ Saturday, April 09, 2005 19:32: Message edited by: Thuryl ]

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And if the healing power of prayer is a genuine result of divine intervention, you're never going to be able to test it. After all, there are already millions of people who pray every day for "the sick" in general. You're never going to be able to get a study group big enough so that the people who are being specifically prayed for get a significantly different dose of prayer than those who don't.

Well, actually, that depends how prayer works. If you pray for "the sick", and there are, say, 1 million sick people in the world, does that count as one-millionth the amount for each of them as you would if you prayed for them separately, or is it the same as if you made a full, separate prayer for each of them individually?

[ Saturday, April 09, 2005 19:26: Message edited by: Thuryl ]

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quote:
Semantics. If it's not 'supernatural' by your definition, so be it. Instead of calling it a supernatural event, say God did it, and God is not exactly 'supernatural', or whatever you wish.
Well, sure, but then you're veering pretty close to pantheism, which I somehow suspect you don't particularly advocate.

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Can we...? (possible spoilers) in Geneforge Series
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It's somewhat disappointing that Jeff has slipped back into Biggest Foozle storytelling mode.

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Posts: 9973 | Registered: Saturday, March 30 2002 08:00
New Abortion Laws in General
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quote:
Originally written by Ash Lael:

Thuryl - Care to elaborate?
Well, I thought it spoke for itself, but okay. If your blood is circulating and your organs are functioning but nothing noteworthy is happening to you, you may be alive, but you don't have a life.

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quote:
Actually, I don't agree. If you pray for a miracle, and believe God will do it, and he does, you've just predicted a miracle.
If it's known that a certain kind of miracle can be brought about by a certain kind of prayer, in what sense is it still a supernatural event? I don't see a fundamental difference between knowing that flipping a switch will probably turn a lightbulb on and knowing that praying for rain will probably cause rain.

[ Saturday, April 09, 2005 19:05: Message edited by: Thuryl ]

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quote:
Originally written by Ash Lael:

If a guy did definitely come back from the dead and was now in perfect health, I'm not sure what you'd study, though. But your point is taken.

EDIT: Regarding mechanics, the actual theory behind miracles is really pretty simple. God exists, God is all-powerful, God occasionally performs miracles. It's testing it that's the trouble - a.l.a. your ball lightning example.

So suppose I rephrase my question. For you, what's the difference between the possibility of miracles and the possibility of ball lightning? Keep in mind here that I don't actually know anything about the latter. :P

I think you've hit on the core of the problem with miracles right there. Perhaps I spoke too strongly in saying that the concept of a miracle includes inherent impossibility, but I think you'll agree that a miracle must by definition be an inherently unpredictable event. After all, a miracle is a supernatural event, and the very essence of nature is that our observations of it follow predictable laws.

Now, here's the rub. Once you start allowing events that are unpredictable on a large scale, the universe stops making sense. The unpredictability of particle motion on a small scale is bad enough, but we can get around it by applying laws of mass action. There's no way to do that with miracles. There's no reason to go to work because it's as likely as not that God will have spirited off your workplace to another continent in the middle of the night. There's no reason to get out of bed because it's as likely as not that God will decide to blow up the sun and kill us all. There is no reason to suppose that God will do one thing rather than another (remember, if we could predict God's behaviour, he wouldn't be supernatural any more). In short, allowing for the practical possibility of supernatural events is disastrous.

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need a couple of hints in Blades of Avernum
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It'd help if you told us exactly where you were stuck.

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Posts: 9973 | Registered: Saturday, March 30 2002 08:00
Do you think there is a Hell? in General
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quote:
Originally written by Ash Lael:

Plenty of alternative explanations. And any one of them is more likely than a miracle, because miracles don't happen. We know they don't happen, because they can't be proved. They can't be proved, because the evidence can always be explained another way. The evidence can always be explained away, because we know that any possible explanation beats miracles, because miracles don't happen. Therefore, miracles don't happen.
If miracles happen, what is there that's miraculous about them? Suppose people just randomly and spontaneously recovered from massive brain tumours extremely often, with no reasonable biological explanation forthcoming. Would that constitute evidence for miracles? I'd argue the answer is clearly no; it'd just be seen as some freaky stuff that happened. Now, why should something happening very rarely be better evidence for its existence than something happening very often?

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Two years to the day. in General
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quote:
Originally written by 1001011001000:

over 200 genuses (that's probably not the correct plural :/)
Genera.

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New Abortion Laws in General
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quote:
Originally written by Ash Lael:

So your definition of humanly alive and actually alive would be a bit different to each other, right? So, you wouldn't consider a person alive when their brain stopped, even if their blood kept pumping, I assume. Or, if you would, if their heart stopped as well and a machine did the blood pumping and breathing and suchlike for them. Even though that person would be technically alive, he wouldn't be humanly alive, right?
I believe there was a philosopher once who distinguished between a life in the biological sense and a life in the biographical sense.

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The Universe in General
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quote:
say, if i wanted to make an anti-matter engine, capable of producing massive amounts of energy, how should i proceed?
1) Get a whole bunch of antimatter from somewhere. (Non-trivial problem: antimatter doesn't occur in significant amounts in nature, so you'll need to produce it. This requires big fancy particle accelerators and the input of much more energy than you'll get out.)

2) Collide it with some matter. (Non-trivial problems: storing it safely until you need it, probably using magnetic containment, and avoiding blowing yourself up when you do use it.)

3) Collect the energy from the resulting annihilation. (Non-trivial problem: how the hell do you convert gamma rays into useful energy? I suppose you could absorb them with a lead block or something and run a heat engine off that, but that's pretty wasteful.)

Conclusion: antimatter is for energy storage, not energy production. And that's only if you have a way to produce it, safely store it and extract the energy.

Here's a somewhat curlier question, addressed to better physicists than I: assuming Hawking radiation is a real phenomenon, how feasible would it be to use a microscopic black hole as a matter/energy conversion device?

Creating the hole is obviously the first difficulty; Hawking says a really big hydrogen bomb might work, but I'd prefer a plan that works on a somewhat smaller scale than extracting the deuterium from all the world's oceans. I'm thinking that firing a whole bunch of lasers or linacs from different angles on a small piece of matter might work.

Preventing the hole from eating Earth is another problem; I'm thinking it'd be best to create the thing in a low Earth orbit, or possibly even a solar orbit. Extracting the energy in a useful form is the third problem. Any advice on any of the steps necessary in the process would be welcome.

[ Saturday, April 09, 2005 16:27: Message edited by: Levitating Netherlander ]

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